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10月21日 THE STORY OF THE DOME CONTINUEDEveryday the Sun provides a limitless supply of power- 6,000 times what the world consumes each and every day. The typical family spends about $1,900 a year on home utility bills. Each year, electricity generated from fossil fuels for a single home puts more carbon dioxide into the air than two average cars, and accounts for 67% of all U.S. oil consumption. The good news is that there are a lot of ways to save energy and even make energy at home. (Facts from Mountain View homes) What I am adding into the Dome now is a collection of high tech compatible components to make it run for as close to “cost free” as possible. It all started four years ago we searched all the kit companies and chose one. It was very discouraging when it wouldn't go together the 1st 2 times. Finally it did after we threw it up on a CAD computer and altered it substantially. The company with the original design had never actually built one this large. We then found out that none of the insides came with the kit. These costs were never planned for. You got to pick from lots of floor plans but you just got plans. It also was difficult because costs were just skyrocketing out of sight and we were two years behind schedule already. The Dome was in big trouble. I'm not trained as a builder so I got lots of books about every aspect of building and we started to finish it. No builders I cam e across understand a Dome; it's not square. It’s like building in "space" with no top or bottom. Actually it was easier for me to build this than use contractors since I had no preconceived notions about building a totally new shape. I have transferred all the knowledge I have gained into words and pictures. I hope this will inspired enough of you to try this kind of project and perhaps help, fund the finish this project. Please add you comments and thoughts to any part of this work. They are very much appreciated. Either add your comments under each section or on one of the social network links. Hopefully this will inspire you to follow your dreams and build energy efficient green structures. There are lots of things I'm not covering in this brief introduction; that save energy and are interesting building concepts, like the monolithic pour of the cement base (which was 45 ft across and insulating the outside of the footers.) And challenging moments like hanging on to the unconnected arches (37 feet in the air) as I brought them together at the top, etc. That was an exciting moment, I think? It was kink of like sitting in the top of a very tall tree in in a wind storm. Putting on the roof had to be the most painstaking experience. I had to hang from mountain ropes and cut each shingle separately. Putting on the roof took almost a year. Moving and standing on the top rung of 40 foot latter's, hauling up shingles, cutting almost every one of them to fit the triangles, overlapping them to shed the rain and caulking them against the roof. Also all the windows had to be flashed and counter flashed. Getting a good seal on the roof is a must since it’s almost all roof. I wrapped the lower section under the roof in cedar to cut down on maintenance. I purchased enough beautiful rock from a quarry to finish the bottom 4 feet in stone, but haven't gotten to this quite yet. Other things were more pressing. The Dome can resist about a 200 mph wind with a 10 foot snow load on top; at the same time. This is due to the fact that the wind has nothing to catch on to and the enormous strength of the basic structure. It is the only known structure that gets stronger as it gets larger. There are a complete and very detailed set of architectural and engineering plans for the entire structure that help demonstrate this and many other things. The 1st year I stayed up there to keep an eye on all the tools that were spread out everywhere. I had no heat, water, bathroom and a very leaky un-shingled roof. The ice shield tar paper saved everything. I lived out of a cooler and brought up jugs of water every few days. Sometimes it would get down to (–15) with lots of snow but I just put on more jackets. My unsung hero was "RASCAL the CAT", who stayed with me always and pulled me through ruff times. That next spring, the roof got finished fast and I was able to remove the several dozens of red party plastic cups that were everywhere on the floor inside. The windows were another challenge. I covered the frames with thick plastic, then fiberglass tape around the edges and stapled it down tight. Then I crisscrossed more tape right across them to keep them from flexing and blowing out during high winds. It worked pretty well most of the time' but I was up there once a week fixing one or another. When we added window placement to the Dome on paper we had put in 30 large doubled layered bubble skylights and it was to have light everywhere. Especially to collect as the passive sun light moved across the Dome. Also, on the north wall for even light to do art projects. Windows look a lot prettier on paper then putting them on and sealing them, way up in the air. The lower ones actually slant inwards. This is a particular challenge to waterproof. Also all these windows bleed heat much faster than the heavily insulated walls. It's absolutely beautiful to look out at the mountain, the woods and large birds that fly across the entire structure. It is also magnificent in the moon and star light. (But different type and less windows next time) The next project was to build a bathroom. We had drilled a 400 ft well that went through 3 aquifers, but never had put in any tubing to run the water around the Dome without freezing. The main electric box was in, so we no longer needed the generator every day. The day we finally got the well hooked to the inside water pipes I just sat under it as it flowed and thanked the sky above. Next came usable heat. There was a 1000 gallon underground propane tank and three 30,000 B.T.U. heaters inside but that would cost a fortune to run. It was mainly for an emergency back-up and to supply the "instant – on hot water supply" 9this is a great invention). We also put in a large wood stove. Hot water meant being able to wash in a tub and shower instead of using spray bottles in front of a "space heater." The second floor was the next task and that was most interesting. A Dome totally supports itself without any inside support structure; unlike a house that actually sets on the rooms. The second floor went in with one side tied to "a ledger wall" that ran around the inside of the Dome. The other end of the floors (towards the center) went to heavy wood supports that ran down to the floor. This all became a loft that covered half the bottom floor. It also gave us 12 foot ceiling on the 1st floor under the loft and 37 foot ceilings everywhere else. Then came a set of stairs to replace the ladder to the second floor. Stairs are wonderful but not simple except to walk on. I started on the two upstairs rooms that each had private bathrooms. The master bedroom had a walk through closet that went into it’s own bathroom. Right now just the piping is ruffed in for both. A hot – tub was supposed to go in the master bathroom but that has been held off due to cost at this time. There is also a third floor at the very top. It is a "cupola" that is suspended half below the roof and half above. This room is lined with windows all around so you can see the mountains in every direction. It is a breath taking view above the forest trees. To be in this room is very special and spiritual. The kitchen floor was ruffed in and two more downstairs rooms also. Most of the electric was now also ruffed in. The tube from the wood stove ran right up the center (just avoiding the cupola, from the 1st floor; a full 37 feet high and then about six feet above the entire structure. That was fun to stabilize and insulate as it passed through the floors. Next I used a two part "closed cell" insulating spray to bring everything up to at least R30 and more as the structure rose higher. Most building lose more heat as they get closer to the top. The foam hardened and gave the structure even more strength. It also stopped any wind penetration. This should be used in all building. Then I increased it with another 12 inches of fiberglass insulation. This building really holds its heat or cold. At about this time money got real short and I decided to continue to live in the Dome until I could fund and continue to work on it some more. I spent a lot of time putting in wallboard, which goes up in triangles. It was like working on the Sistine Chapel roof. I stayed on my back at the top of some very tall scaffolds. You learned to take up a lot of tools at the same time. As I built I took lots of pictures to follow my progress and to encourage myself by watching my progress. I also wrote this blog that tells about what I was up to in detail and also just a lot of personal feeling from living alone on the mountain and building for the 1st time. I’ve added a lot of technical info and lots of links to other Dome sites throughout the country. This is a work still in progress, just more slowly. It was time to add the geothermal heating system, sub floor heat and cooling systems. This proved to much expense at that moment and I sat back finally after 4 years of 14 hour days and sat by the fire that winter. I needed a break. The story, pictures and blog are best understood if you go back into the archives and work your way forward. ENJOY! 10月16日 TemperatureIt's getting cooler and cooler inside the Dome. I think it was 54 today. It's time to start the wood fire. 10月6日 Help Finish This ProjectHELP COMPLETE THE ULTRA EFFICIENTGREEN GEODESIC DOMEYour contribution of Ten Dollars will help finish this ULTRA EFFICIENT GREEN GEODESIC DOME.
We have most of the outside done and now we need to finish the inside.
The ONLY WAY TO KNOW HOW THE FUTURE WILL BE
is by changing the the PRESENT!
Please SEND TEN DOLLARS TO: Check or Cash GreenEarthNow 630 Country RD Berkeley Springs, WV 25411
E-MAIL TO: greenearthnow@spaces.live.com We are not a 501 C(3) yet, so donations at this time are not tax deductible. Also we are getting a <PAY PAL ACCOUNT SOON>EFFICIENT ALTERNATIVE HOUSING! 9月19日 Technical Data about Geodesic domes From WikipediaGeodesic domeFrom WikipediaA geodesic dome is a spherical or partial-spherical shell structure or lattice shellbased on a network of great circles (geodesics) lying on the surface of a sphere. The geodesics intersect to form triangular elements that have local triangular rigidity and also distribute the stress across the entire structure. When completed to form a complete sphere, it is known as a geodesic sphere. Typically the design of a geodesic dome begins with an icosahedron inscribed in a sphere, tiling each triangular face with smaller triangles, then projecting the vertices of each tile to the sphere. The endpoints of the links of the completed sphere would then be the projected endpoints on the sphere's surface. If this is done exactly, each of the edges of the sub-triangles is slightly different lengths, so it would require a very large number of links of different sizes. To minimize the number of different sizes of links, various simplifications are made. The result is a compromise consisting of a pattern of triangles with their vertices lying approximately on the surface of the sphere. The edges of the triangles form approximate geodesic paths over the surface of the dome that distribute its weight. Geodesic designs can be used to form any curved, enclosed space. Oddly-shaped designs would require calculating for and custom building of each individual strut, vertex or panel—resulting in potentially expensive construction. Because of the expense and complexity of design and fabrication of any geodesic dome, builders have tended to standardize using a few basic designs.
The first dome that could be called "geodesic" in every respect was designed just after World War I byWalther Bauersfeld,[1] chief engineer of the Carl Zeiss optical company, for a planetarium to house his new planetarium projector. The dome was patented, constructed by the firm of Dykerhoff and Wydmann on the roof of the Zeiss plant in Jena, Germany, and opened to the public during 1922. Some 30 years later, R. Buckminster Fuller named the dome "geodesic" from field experiments with Kenneth Snelsonand others at Black Mountain College during the late 1940s. Although Fuller was not the original inventor, he developed and popularized the idea, and received a U.S. patent.[2] The geodesic dome appealed to Fuller because it was extremely strong for its weight, its "omnitriangulated" surface provided an inherently stable structure, and because a sphere encloses the greatest volume for the least surface area. Fuller hoped that the geodesic dome would help address the postwar housing crisis. This was consistent with his prior hopes for both versions of the Dymaxion House. However, from a practical perspective, geodesic constructions have some disadvantages. They have a very large number of edges in comparison with more conventional structures which have just a few large flat surfaces. Each of the edges must be prevented from leaking, which can be quite challenging for a geodesic structure. Also, spaces enclosed within curved boundaries tend to be less usable than spaces enclosed within flat boundaries. (Since it would be impractical to produce sofas with every possible curved shape, they are normally constructed along straight lines, and so leave wasted space when placed in a curved space.) The dome was successfully adopted for specialized industrial use, such as the 1958 Union Tank Car Company dome near Baton Rouge, Louisiana and specialty buildings like the Kaiser Aluminum domes (constructed in numerous locations across the US), auditoriums, weather observatories, and storage facilities. The dome was soon breaking records for covered surface, enclosed volume, and construction speed. According to a WAFB-TV of Baton Rouge news report on November 27, 2007, the Union Tank Car Company Dome has been demolished. Leveraging the geodesic dome's stability, the US Air Force experimented with helicopter-deliverable units. The dome was introduced to a wider audience as a pavilion for the 1964 World's Fair in New York City. This dome is now used as an aviary by the Queens Zoo in Flushing Meadows Corona Park. Another dome is from Expo 67 the Montreal, Canada World's Fair as part of the American Pavilion. The structure's covering later burned, but the structure itself still stands and, under the name Biosphère, currently houses an interpretive museum about the Saint Lawrence River. During the 1970s, the Cinesphere dome was built at the Ontario Place amusement park in Toronto, Canada. During 1975, a dome was constructed at the South Pole, where its resistance to snow and wind loads is important. Residential geodesic domes have been less successful than those used for working and/or entertainment, largely because of their complexity and consequent greater construction costs. Fuller himself lived in a geodesic dome in Carbondale, Illinois, at the corner of Forest and Cherry[1]. Residential domes have not become as popular as Fuller hoped. He thought of residential domes as air-deliverable products manufactured by an aerospace-like industry. Fuller's dome home still exists, and a group called RBF Dome NFP is attempting to restore the dome and have it registered as a National Historic Landmark.
Chord factors
The mathematical object "chord" of the "geodesic sphere" corresponds to the structural "strut" of the physical "geodesic dome". The general definition of achord is a (straight) line segment joining two points on a curve. For simple geodesic domes we recognize the associated curve to be the surface of a sphere. Here is how chords of geodesic spheres are generated. We first choose an underlying polyhedron with equal triangle faces. The regular icosahedron is most popular. The sphere we use is specifically the "circumscribing sphere" that contains the points (vertices) of the underlying polyhedron. The desired frequency of the subsequent geodesic sphere or dome is the number of parts or segments into which a side (edge) of the underlying polyhedral triangle is subdivided. The frequency has historically been denoted by the Greek letter "ν" (nu). By connecting like points along the subdivided sides we produce a natural triangular grid of segments inside each underlying triangle face. Each segment of the grid is then projected as a "chord" onto the surface of the circumscribing sphere. The technical definition of achord factor is the ratio of the chord length to the radius of the circumscribing sphere. It is therefore convenient to think of the circumscribing sphere as scaled to radius = 1 in which "chord factors" are the same as "chord lengths" (decimal numbers less than one). For geodesic spheres a well-known formula for calculating any "chord factor" is chord factor = 2 Sin (θ / 2) where θ is the corresponding angle of arc for the given chord, that is, the "central angle" spanned by the chord with respect to the center of the circumscribing sphere. Determining the central angle usually requires some non-trivial spherical geometry. In Geodesic Math and How to Use It Hugh Kenner writes, "Tables of chord factors, containing as they do the essential design information for spherical systems, were for many years guarded like military secrets. As late as 1966, some 3ν icosa figures from Popular Science Monthlywere all anyone outside the circle of Fuller licensees had to go on." (page 57, 1976 edition). Other tables became available with publication of Lloyd Kahn's Domebook 1 (1970) and Domebook 2 (1971). With advent of personal computers, the mathematics became more solvable. Rick Bono's Dome software outputs a script that can be used with the POV-ray raytrace to produce 3D pictures of domes. Domes based on the frameworks of different underlying polyhedra along with various methods for subdividing them will produce quite different results. Mathematical formulas developed by Peter W. Messer for calculating chord factors and dihedral angles for the general geodesic sphere appear in the Appendix of the 1999 Dover edition of Spherical Models by Magnus J. Wenninger. [edit]Advantages of domes
9月13日 SAVE ENERGY WITH A DOME
9月6日 DONATE TO THE DOME PROJECTTHE ONLY WAY TO PREDICT HOW THE FUTURE WILL BE is by "CHANGING the the PRESENT NOW!"It's time to reduce our dependence on LARGE OIL COMPANIESIt's time to reduce our dependence on LARGE ENERGY COMPANIES |
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. I've added a bedroom with closet and a den to make the dome more sales worthy if it ever came to that. I also am framing in the utility room. All in all there are 4 doors to install and then I want to transfer the water pipes from the out side walls where they might freeze, to the walls of the internal framed rooms. Then I have to get all the electric for the 1st floor to run through these walls also so as not to weaken the major supports that encircle to dome; the ledger wall. Also, I need to lower the floor joists from 2x6's to 2x4's for the rest of the space on the 1st floor. All is going well and I am using a lot of knowledge gained from the 2nd floor. I understand I don't know what I'm doing, but I enjoy faking it. I must consider the final heat source; having lived only by a wood stove untill now.|
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